Hi Sven,
Your other windows VMs work because they were built within VMware.
The VHD that you are trying to use has been built on different hardware e.g. a physical machine, then converted to a VHD and attached to a VM as the primary disk. That is a significant hardware change for Windows thus it will require the repair to take place before it will boot into the OS.
This is more of a Windows OS issue than a VMware issue., The following article explains how to get to recovery mode, from there you can run a startup repair which should resolve the issue How to start the Windows 7 Recovery Environment
Regards,
Steve